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Introduction

Quick Summary​

Evaluation refers to the process of testing your LLM application outputs, and requires the following components:

  • Test cases
  • Metrics
  • Evaluation dataset

Here's a diagram of what an ideal evaluation workflow looks like using deepeval:

Your test cases will typically be in a single python file, and executing them will be as easy as running deepeval test run:

deepeval test run test_example.py
tip

Click here for an end-to-end tutorial on how to evaluate an LLM medical chatbot using deepeval.

Metrics​

deepeval offers 14+ evaluation metrics, most of which are evaluated using LLMs (visit the metrics section to learn why).

from deepeval.metrics import AnswerRelevancyMetric

answer_relevancy_metric = AnswerRelevancyMetric()

You'll need to create a test case to run deepeval's metrics.

Test Cases​

In deepeval, a test case allows you to use evaluation metrics you have defined to unit test LLM applications.

from deepeval.test_case import LLMTestCase

test_case = LLMTestCase(
  input="Who is the current president of the United States of America?",
  actual_output="Joe Biden",
  retrieval_context=["Joe Biden serves as the current president of America."]
)

In this example, input mimics an user interaction with a RAG-based LLM application, where actual_output is the output of your LLM application and retrieval_context is the retrieved nodes in your RAG pipeline. Creating a test case allows you to evaluate using deepeval's default metrics:

from deepeval.test_case import LLMTestCase
from deepeval.metrics import AnswerRelevancyMetric

answer_relevancy_metric = AnswerRelevancyMetric()
test_case = LLMTestCase(
  input="Who is the current president of the United States of America?",
  actual_output="Joe Biden",
  retrieval_context=["Joe Biden serves as the current president of America."]
)

answer_relevancy_metric.measure(test_case)
print(answer_relevancy_metric.score)

Datasets​

Datasets in deepeval is a collection of test cases. It provides a centralized interface for you to evaluate a collection of test cases using one or multiple metrics.

from deepeval.test_case import LLMTestCase
from deepeval.dataset import EvaluationDataset
from deepeval.metrics import AnswerRelevancyMetric

answer_relevancy_metric = AnswerRelevancyMetric()
test_case = LLMTestCase(
  input="Who is the current president of the United States of America?",
  actual_output="Joe Biden",
  retrieval_context=["Joe Biden serves as the current president of America."]
)

dataset = EvaluationDataset(test_cases=[test_case])
dataset.evaluate([answer_relevancy_metric])
note

You don't need to create an evaluation dataset to evaluate individual test cases. Visit the test cases section to learn how to assert inidividual test cases.

Synthesizer​

In deepeval, the Synthesizer allows you to generate synthetic datasets. This is especially helpful if you don't have production data or you don't have a golden dataset to evaluate with.

from deepeval.synthesizer import Synthesizer
from deepeval.dataset import EvaluationDataset

synthesizer = Synthesizer()
goldens = synthesizer.generate_goldens_from_docs(document_paths=['example.txt', 'example.docx', 'example.pdf'])

dataset = EvaluationDataset(goldens=goldens)
info

deepeval's Synthesizer is highly customizable, and you can learn more about it here.

Evaluating With Pytest​

caution

Although deepeval integrates with Pytest, we highly recommend you to AVOID executing LLMTestCases directly via the pytest command to avoid any unexpected errors.

deepeval allows you to run evaluations as if you're using Pytest via our Pytest integration. Simply create a test file:

from deepeval import assert_test
from deepeval.test_case import LLMTestCase
from deepeval.metrics import AnswerRelevancyMetric

dataset = EvaluationDataset(test_cases=[...])

@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "test_case",
    dataset,
)
def test_customer_chatbot(test_case: LLMTestCase):
    answer_relevancy_metric = AnswerRelevancyMetric()
    assert_test(test_case, [answer_relevancy_metric])

And run the test file in the CLI:

deepeval test run test_example.py

There are two mandatory and one optional parameter when calling the assert_test() function:

  • test_case: an LLMTestCase
  • metrics: a list of metrics of type BaseMetric
  • [Optional] run_async: a boolean which when set to True, enables concurrent evaluation of all metrics. Defaulted to True.
info

@pytest.mark.parametrize is a decorator offered by Pytest. It simply loops through your EvaluationDataset to evaluate each test case individually.

Parallelization​

Evaluate each test case in parallel by providing a number to the -n flag to specify how many processes to use.

deepeval test run test_example.py -n 4

Cache​

Provide the -c flag (with no arguments) to read from the local deepeval cache instead of re-evaluating test cases on the same metrics.

deepeval test run test_example.py -c
info

This is extremely useful if you're running large amounts of test cases. For example, lets say you're running 1000 test cases using deepeval test run, but you encounter an error on the 999th test case. The cache functionality would allow you to skip all the previously evaluated 999 test cases, and just evaluate the remaining one.

Ignore Errors​

The -i flag (with no arguments) allows you to ignore errors for metrics executions during a test run. An example of where this is helpful is if you're using a custom LLM and often find it generating invalid JSONs that will stop the execution of the entire test run.

deepeval test run test_example.py -i
tip

You can combine differnet flags, such as the -i, -c, and -n flag to execute any uncached test cases in parallel while ignoring any errors along the way:

deepeval test run test_example.py -i -c -n 2

Verbose Mode​

The -v flag (with no arguments) allows you to turn on verbose_mode for all metrics ran using deepeval test run. Not supplying the -v flag will default each metric's verbose_mode to its value at instantiation.

deepeval test run test_example.py -v
note

When a metric's verbose_mode is True, it prints the intermediate steps used to calculate said metric to the console during evaluation.

Skip Test Cases​

The -s flag (with no arguments) allows you to skip metric executions where the test case has missing//insufficient parameters (such as retrieval_context) that is required for evaluation. An example of where this is helpful is if you're using a metric such as the ContextualPrecisionMetric but don't want to apply it when the retrieval_context is None.

deepeval test run test_example.py -s

Identifier​

The -id flag followed by a string allows you to name test runs and better identify them on Confident AI. An example of where this is helpful is if you're running automated deployment pipelines, have deployment IDs, or just want a way to identify which test run is which for comparison purposes.

deepeval test run test_example.py -id "My Latest Test Run"

Repeats​

Repeat each test case by providing a number to the -r flag to specify how many times to rerun each test case.

deepeval test run test_example.py -r 2

Hooks​

deepeval's Pytest integration allosw you to run custom code at the end of each evaluation via the @deepeval.on_test_run_end decorator:

test_example.py
...

@deepeval.on_test_run_end
def function_to_be_called_after_test_run():
    print("Test finished!")

Evaluating Without Pytest​

Alternately, you can use deepeval's evaluate function. This approach avoids the CLI (if you're in a notebook environment), and allows for parallel test execution as well.

from deepeval import evaluate
from deepeval.metrics import AnswerRelevancyMetric
from deepeval.dataset import EvaluationDataset

dataset = EvaluationDataset(test_cases=[...])
answer_relevancy_metric = AnswerRelevancyMetric()

evaluate(dataset, [answer_relevancy_metric])

There are two mandatory and twelve optional arguments when calling the evaluate() function:

  • test_cases: a list of LLMTestCases OR ConversationalTestCases, or an EvaluationDataset. You cannot evaluate LLMTestCase/MLLMTestCases and ConversationalTestCases in the same test run.
  • metrics: a list of metrics of type BaseMetric.
  • [Optional] hyperparameters: a dict of type dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]. You can log any arbitrary hyperparameter associated with this test run to pick the best hyperparameters for your LLM application on Confident AI.
  • [Optional] identifier: a string that allows you to better identify your test run on Confident AI.
  • [Optional] run_async: a boolean which when set to True, enables concurrent evaluation of test cases AND metrics. Defaulted to True.
  • [Optional] throttle_value: an integer that determines how long (in seconds) to throttle the evaluation of each test case. You can increase this value if your evaluation model is running into rate limit errors. Defaulted to 0.
  • [Optional] max_concurrent: an integer that determines the maximum number of test cases that can be ran in parallel at any point in time. You can decrease this value if your evaluation model is running into rate limit errors. Defaulted to 100.
  • [Optional] skip_on_missing_params: a boolean which when set to True, skips all metric executions for test cases with missing parameters. Defaulted to False.
  • [Optional] ignore_errors: a boolean which when set to True, ignores all exceptions raised during metrics execution for each test case. Defaulted to False.
  • [Optional] verbose_mode: a optional boolean which when IS NOT None, overrides each metric's verbose_mode value. Defaulted to None.
  • [Optional] write_cache: a boolean which when set to True, uses writes test run results to DISK. Defaulted to True.
  • [Optional] use_cache: a boolean which when set to True, uses cached test run results instead. Defaulted to False.
  • [Optional] show_indicator: a boolean which when set to True, shows the evaluation progress indicator for each individual metric. Defaulted to True.
  • [Optional] print_results: a boolean which when set to True, prints the result of each evaluation. Defaulted to True.
tip

You can also replace dataset with a list of test cases, as shown in the test cases section.